Discipline: Chemistry and Chemical Sciences
Subcategory: Chemical/Bimolecular/Process Engineering
Session: 1
Room: Exhibit Hall
Jalien Doyle - Dillard University
Co-Author(s): Chisom Enekebe2, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy; Namrata Mathraroo2,3,4, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Center for Dermal Research and Laboratory for Drug Delivery; Bozena Michniak-Kohn, 2,3,4 Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Center for Dermal Research and Laboratory for Drug Delivery,Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey,
Hypothesis: To produce diclofenac sodium-loaded liposomes that mitigate side effects, increase the efficacy of diclofenac sodium, and aid in patient compliance. Importance: Transdermal delivery is an effective approach to localizing the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and NSAIDs, at specific target sites. Liposomes are lipid-based nanoparticles composed of cholesterol and phospholipids. Liposomal drug delivery systems have been known to reduce drug side effects as well as protect the drug-loaded from degradation. Diclofenac sodium is a commonly used and marketed oral treatment for osteoarthritis. Some common side effects observed in patients are gastritis, a decrease in renal function, and mucosal irritation. Methods and Controls: Liposomes loaded with diclofenac sodium were prepared by the thin film hydration method. The liposomes were formulated using Lipoid S75, cholesterol, and diclofenac sodium. Liposomes without diclofenac sodium were also formulated as the controls. The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) on a Malvern Zetasizer. The concentration and stability of the diclofenac sodium were analyzed using HPLC.Results and Discussion of Findings: The Inter-Day Variability Study showed that the diclofenac sodium does not degrade over the course of a few days. After preliminary studies, the optimized formulations of 70:30 and 80:20 were selected for further development. The 70:30:5 and 80:20:5 formulations were optimized to produce a homogeneous suspension of liposomes. The average particle sizes were about 118.7±1.2 nm for 70:30:5 and 102.8± 0.6 nm for 80:20:5. The respective PDIs for the optimized formulations were about 0.3.±0.01 and 0.2± 0.007. Conclusions: The 50:50 and 60:40 lipid to cholesterol ratio formulations did not form stable liposomes. However, this study found that the 70:30 and 80:20 formulations containing 5mg of diclofenac were optimal for liposome formation. It was seen that the loading efficiency was stunted beyond 5 mg. There was an inverse relationship seen in diclofenac sodium concentration vs particle size. As the concentration of diclofenac sodium increases, the particle size decreases as compared to the unloaded liposome of the same composition. Additionally, it was seen that the zeta potential decreased with an increase in the concentration of diclofenac sodium.Future Research: Future directions include testing the liposome formulations for encapsulation efficiency, stability over a few months, as well as cytotoxicity.Key References:1. Muzzalupo R, Tavano L. Research and Reports in Transdermal Drug Delivery, 2015.2. Ghanbarzadeh, S., & Arami, S. BioMed research international, 2013.3. Bariguian Revel, F., Fayet, M. & Hagen, M. Rheumatol Ther 7, 217–236, 2020.4. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for Diclofenac sodium, 2022.5. Andrzej Czyrski, Journal of Chemistry, vol. 2019, 6 pages, 2019.Acknowledgments: Thank you to the Drug Delivery Lab, Center for Dermal Research, and Aman Armaan Ahmed Family for the supplies and support. Thank you to Dr. Bozena Michniak-Kohn, Namrata Matharoo, and Keyaara Robinson for the mentorship and guidance. Thank you to Dr. Ruby Broadway, Dillard University NIH U-RISE grant for the travel funds.
Funder Acknowledgement(s): Aman Armaan Ahmed Family for the supplies and support, and Dillard University NIH U-RISE grant for the travel funds
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Bozena Michniak-Kohn and Dr. Ruby Broadway, Dillard University (Faculty U-RISE Program Director, rbroadway@dillard.edu
Role: I did the formulations and characterization of nanoparticles